GENERAL GIT COMMAND

Basic Git Workflow

1. Initialize a Git Repository

To start version controlling your project, navigate to your project directory in the terminal and run:

git init

2. Stage Changes

Add files to the staging area to prepare them for committing:

git add <file>             # Stage a specific file
git add .                  # Stage all changes in the current directory

3. Commit Changes

Commit staged changes to the local repository:

git commit -m "Your commit message here"

4. Push Changes to Remote Repository

Push committed changes to a remote repository (like GitHub):

git push origin <branch_name>

5. Pull Changes from Remote Repository

Fetch and merge changes from a remote repository into your local repository:

git pull origin <branch_name>

6. Check Status

View the status of your repository, including tracked/untracked files and changes:

git status

7. View Commit History

View a list of commits and their details:

git log

8. Create a New Branch

Create a new branch for feature development or bug fixing:

git branch <branch_name>

9. Switch Branches

Switch to a different branch:

git checkout <branch_name>

10. Merge Branches

Merge changes from one branch into another:

git merge <branch_name>

Additional Git Commands

1. Clone a Repository

Clone an existing repository from a remote server (like GitHub):

git clone <repository_url>

2. Remove Files

Remove files from the staging area and/or working directory:

git rm <file>              # Remove a file from both staging area and working directory
git rm --cached <file>     # Remove a file from the staging area only

3. Undo Changes

Undo changes made to files:

git checkout -- <file>     # Restore a file to its state at the last commit

4. Configure Git

Set up user information for Git commits:

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

5. Inspect Changes

View the changes introduced by a specific commit:

git show <commit_hash>

6. View Remote Repositories

View the list of remote repositories associated with the current repository:

git remote -v

7. Rename and Move Files

Rename or move files within the repository:

git mv <old_file_path> <new_file_path>

8. Amend the Last Commit

Add changes to the last commit or modify its commit message:

git commit --amend

9. Create Tags

Create lightweight or annotated tags to mark specific commits:

git tag <tag_name>            # Lightweight tag
git tag -a <tag_name>         # Annotated tag with a message

10. Checkout Specific Commit

Check out a specific commit by its commit hash:

git checkout <commit_hash>

11. Reset Changes

Reset the repository to a specific state:

git reset --hard <commit_hash>     # Reset to a specific commit
git reset --hard HEAD              # Reset to the last commit

12. Fetch and Merge Remote Changes

Fetch remote changes without merging them:

git fetch <remote_name>

13. Rebase Commits

Rebase the current branch onto another branch or commit:

git rebase <branch_name>

14. Ignore Files

Exclude files or directories from version control using a .gitignore file:

touch .gitignore               # Create a .gitignore file

15. Show Differences with Previous Commit

View the changes introduced by the last commit:

git diff HEAD^ HEAD           # Differences between the last and second-to-last comm